Which aircraft component is primarily responsible for controlling pitch?

The primary component responsible for controlling pitch in an aircraft is the elevators. Elevators are located on the horizontal tail surface and work by changing the angle of the tail relative to the airstream. When the pilot pushes the control yoke forward or pulls it back, the elevators move up or down, respectively.

When the elevators are deflected upward, they create a downward force on the tail, causing the nose of the aircraft to pitch down. Conversely, downward deflection of the elevators generates an upward force, causing the nose to pitch up. This control of the aircraft's pitch is crucial for maintaining the desired angle of attack and achieving stable flight, particularly during takeoff and landing phases.

Other components like ailerons, flaps, and rudders have specific roles, such as controlling roll and drag for lift management, or yaw respectively, but they do not primarily influence pitch control. Thus, elevators are the correct answer as they are the designated control surface for managing an aircraft’s pitch attitude.