When a propeller rotates clockwise as seen from the rear, which direction does the airplane tend to rotate around the vertical axis?

When a propeller rotates clockwise as observed from the rear, it generates a phenomenon known as "propeller torque." This torque effect causes the airplane to roll in the opposite direction of the propeller's rotation. In the case of a clockwise-rotating propeller, the airplane tends to rotate to the left around its vertical axis.

This leftward tendency can be attributed to Newton's Third Law of Motion, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. As the propeller pushes air backward, the airplane experiences a reaction that tends to turn it left. Additionally, this rotation can also be influenced by other aerodynamic factors such as the asymmetrical thrust produced by the propeller blades and the gyroscopic effects of the rotating mass of the propeller.

Understanding this concept is essential for pilots, as they must anticipate and manage the aircraft's tendency to rotate in response to propeller motion during takeoff and early flight maneuvers.