What primarily determines the lift generated by a wing?

The lift generated by a wing is primarily determined by its shape and angle of attack because these factors directly influence the airflow over and under the wing. The shape of the wing, known as the airfoil, is designed to create a difference in air pressure above and below the wing. This difference in pressure is crucial for generating lift.

The angle of attack, which is the angle between the chord line of the wing and the oncoming airflow, also plays a significant role. Increasing the angle of attack up to a certain point generally increases lift due to enhanced airflow separation and low-pressure creation above the wing. However, if the angle exceeds a critical value, it can lead to stalling, where the airflow separates from the wing surface, causing a sudden decrease in lift.

While speed and weight are important factors in the overall flight dynamics, the fundamental principles governing lift are most directly linked to the wing’s design and its orientation to the airflow. The type of materials used in the wing affects its strength and weight but does not directly influence the aerodynamic principles that generate lift.