What is the significance of the aspect ratio of a wing?

The significance of the aspect ratio of a wing lies primarily in its relationship to induced drag. A higher aspect ratio, which is the ratio of the wingspan to the average wing width (or chord), contributes to a reduction in induced drag. This is because wings with a higher aspect ratio create less pronounced wingtip vortices, which are a primary source of induced drag as they result from the pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the wing.

When the aspect ratio is increased, the wing generates lift more efficiently, which allows the aircraft to maintain performance with less drag at lower speeds. This is particularly essential in glider design, where efficiency is crucial, as well as in long-range commercial flight, where fuel efficiency plays a significant role in operational costs.

Other options do not accurately represent the relationship between aspect ratio and aerodynamic performance. A lower aspect ratio typically generates more induced drag and may not necessarily improve lift characteristics. The aspect ratio does have a significant aerodynamic impact, contrary to any claim that it has none. Finally, a higher aspect ratio does not directly increase weight; rather, it generally improves performance while potentially allowing for structural optimization that can mitigate weight concerns.