What is the purpose of flaps in an aircraft?

Flaps are crucial aerodynamic devices located on the wings of an aircraft, and their primary purpose is to increase lift during both takeoff and landing phases. When flaps are extended, they enlarge the wing's effective surface area and alter the wing's camber, which enhances the lift coefficient. This increase in lift allows the aircraft to fly safely at lower speeds, which is particularly beneficial during takeoff and landing when the aircraft is operating at slower airspeeds.

By increasing lift at these critical phases, flaps help aircraft maintain controlled flight and reduce the risk of stalling. In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the main function of flaps; for instance, while they may indirectly influence fuel efficiency by allowing slower speeds during critical phases, their primary design and functionality focuses on enhancing lift rather than improving engine performance or stabilizing the tail section.