What effect does ground effect have on lift?

Ground effect is a phenomenon that occurs when an aircraft is flying close to the ground, typically within about one wingspan or the wingspan height of the aircraft. In this situation, the aircraft experiences a significant reduction in the induced drag, which is the drag associated with the generation of lift. The proximity to the ground modifies the airflow around the wings, causing an increase in lift.

As the aircraft nears the ground, the wing's downwash (the air that is pushed down by the wing as it generates lift) interacts with the ground. This interaction effectively leads to a higher pressure buildup under the wings, enhancing the lift produced by the wings. Therefore, in ground effect, the aircraft can generate more lift at a lower angle of attack than it would require in free air.

Thus, the correct answer highlights that ground effect increases lift while simultaneously reducing the induced drag, which aids in a smoother transition during takeoff and landing phases. The increase in lift can also improve the aircraft's maneuverability and control during low-speed operations close to the ground.