How does extending flaps affect an aircraft?

Extending flaps on an aircraft plays a critical role in enhancing its performance during certain phases of flight, especially during takeoff and landing. When flaps are extended, they effectively increase the wing's surface area, which contributes to generating a greater amount of lift at lower speeds. This is particularly useful when an aircraft is flying at lower airspeeds, such as during approach to landing.

However, the extension of flaps also introduces additional drag due to the altered airflow around the wings. This increased drag is beneficial because it allows the aircraft to descend more steeply without an increase in speed, aiding in controlled landings. Thus, the primary effect of extending flaps is the combination of increased lift at reduced speeds and increased drag, making it easier for pilots to manage the aircraft during landing or slow flight conditions.

In contrast, extending flaps does not significantly increase speed, and in fact, it may lead to a reduction in speed while allowing for controlled descent. Additionally, fuel consumption is generally affected negatively during flap extension due to increased drag, contrary to reduced fuel consumption being a possible result. Finally, extending flaps does not decrease lift during landing; on the contrary, it is meant to increase lift to facilitate safe landings at lower speeds.